Cubas Relations with the United States Essay - 1361 Words

Cubas Relations with the United States In the early 1900’s, Cuba was a stomping ground for many of the rich and famous from the United States. Many famous movies stars and wealthy business entrepreneurs spend their vacations there along with a substantial amount of money. Trade and commerce between the United States and Cuba flowed freely and abundantly. Even with the Dictatorship-like regime of Batista, the countries benefited from the economic trade between them. This was all about to come crashing down as revolts against Batista occurred and Fidel Castro came to power within Cuba. It was after Castro took power that the United States changed its way in which it dealt with Cuba dramatically. The United States decided it would†¦show more content†¦These problems along with the GNP of the country also dropping substantially caused Castro to start to look at how Communism might be able to help him out of these troubles. The United States did not just put sanctions on Cuba after Castro came to power but also was trying to exert it’s power over the country when Batista was in power. The US wanted Batista to give up his leadership of the country so a new government could take over but the State Department was unsure how to go about accomplishing this since there wasn’t enough information to show what group could lead the Cuban people. These decisions that were made follow, albeit loosely, along the line of two decision models we have studied: the Presidential model and the Administrative Model. When the revolution in Cuba started, Dwight Eisenhower took the lead in telling his advisors what he wanted done. First off, arms were given to Batista’s militia through Eisenhower’s orders and then after Batista turned them upon his own countrymen, it was Eisenhower’s decision to place arms sanctions against them. This meant that they would not be sent anymore of the USâ€℠¢s artillery. The President only made decisions when there was a heightened awareness of what was going on in Cuba and it affected the US in some way. Another time this model was shown was during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy took matters into his own hands when itShow MoreRelatedCuba s Current Gross National Income Per Person Of $ 5890 ( Talley )1433 Words   |  6 PagesJason Lee Captain Czak History 300 21 October 2016 Cuba Cuba’s current gross national income per person of $5,890 (Talley), enormous debt, and other poor economic conditions can be explained by events tracing back post-World War II in 1945. The island of Cuba was inhabited by different Mesoamerican cultures but introduced to European cultures in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the island asRead MoreCuban-Russian Relations1710 Words   |  7 PagesCuba’s unpredictable shift toward socialism and its growing dependence on the Soviet Union divided both the leadership and the country at large. With a relationship dating back to before Fidel Castro’s installment into power, Russia and Cuba have both played major roles in the development and regression of each other’s economies and societies. The first official diplomatic relationship between the Soviet Union and Cuba began developing during World War II, in 1943. With the establishment of theRead MoreCuba And The United States1307 Words   |  6 Pagesimperial domination. Formal colonial status under Spain ended during the invasion by the United States in 1898, when military and corporate interests made the island a de facto colony of the United States. However, Cuba and the United States have had a long history of both political and military ties; both good and bad. Nevertheless, these ties have played a vital role in the current relationship the United States maintains with Cuba. In the recent years, both countries have continued to work towardRead MoreThe United States And Cuba1491 Words   |  6 Pages Before the conflict between the United States and Cuba, the two countries were strongly connected in terms of trading, with the US purchasing 87% of Cuba’s exports (CITE). However, once Fidel Castro came to power in Janurary 1959 after successfully overpowering President Batista and established Cuba as a communist state, relations became strained. In the following year, $1.8 billion US assets in Cuba were taken by Castro and the newly Communist state created close ties with the Soviet Union (CITERead MoreA Brief History of Cuba1225 Words   |  5 Pagescentury Cuba’s people were slaves, outraged slaves began to rebel with the intention to win independence from the Spanish. In April of 1898 Spain and Cuba went to war with Americas involvement which resulted in the Treaty of Paris in August of 1898 where Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba, and Guam. On May 20, 1902 The United States of America allowed Cuba to gain its independence. The newly written constitutio n stated that the United States retained the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairsRead MoreThe Relations Between The United States And Cuba1487 Words   |  6 Pages The turbulent relations between the United States and Cuba became more controversial since the Cold War. They reached their apex on 15th October 1962, when after realizing that the Soviet Union was developing missile bases in Cuba, President Kennedy started taking strong procedures against Cuba. Indeed in February 1962 he signed the Embargo, which has not yet been lifted but reached improvements after more than 50 years, in April 2015 during Barack Obama and Raul Castro presidency (Renwick and LeeRead MoreShould the United States Lift the Embargo on Cuba? Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican international relations with Cuba have almost always been tense. The cold war solidified the growing negative relations, and the embargo embodied it. But now that the cold war is over, as is the Cuban missile crisis, we’re left to wonder if the embargo is really necessary. Should the United States lift the embargo of Cuba? All of the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, poi nts to yes. We should lift the embargo. The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960Read MoreCuba And Its Effects On America969 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of anti-americanism. This relates back to the conflict theory, as this had a great impact on the citizens of Cuba, causing more hate on america and its people causing conflict and negativity. Within all of this chaos with Fidel Castro and Cuba’s people, America still supported the Island of Cuba. As time passed this situation caused great suspicion as the US was not sure of Castro’s intentions and his leftist ideology, thinking this would lead to an attack from Castro on US investments andRead MoreUnited States and Cuba Foreign Policy891 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States and Cuba Foreign Policy Cuba and the United States of America have had an interesting relationship since before their independences. This relationship has struggled since before Fidel Castro came into power. Castro being as autocratic as he became, or less antagonistic to the US policies could have made the relationship less adversarial (Jentleson). The relationship between the two countries was not bad prior to the Spanish American War. The outcome of this period was U.S. defeatingRead MoreThe United States And Cuba Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States and Cuba The United States is the leader of the free world. The United States exercises strength in this role through trade agreements and military strength. Because of this, the foreign policies the United States puts into place greatly affect the economies of other countries. This is especially true of Cuba. The island of Cuba is just over 100 miles south of the Florida border. The United States and Cuba have struggled to find common ground in regards to foreign policy over

The Unethical Business in the Telecommunication Industry Free Essays

Executive summary The report will have a close look on unethical business about telecommunication industry. We know that a lot of times the rights of consumers are not protected. Because of the much unethical behaviour in the industry, consumers often faced the choices between interest and social morality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unethical Business in the Telecommunication Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now In many cases this report has discovered that the unethical behaviours. The essay will also Analysis of each company and provides recommendations for investors. Introduction This report will look at: The unethical behaviour about WorldCom accounting scandal †¢ The Monopolistic competition about china telecom †¢ The overcharging behaviour of ATT †¢ Recommendations for telecommunication industry †¢ Conclusion Findings WorldCom WorldCom, The America’s second-biggest long distance phone company. From 1999 to 2002, an internal audit had reported that $3. 3 billion in profits were improperly recorded on its books. That is on top of the $3. 8 billion in expenses. And company said it had improperly reported as capital investments. WorldCom now says it must issue revised financial statements from full year (four quarters) of 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. (Tran, 9 August 2002) After the bankruptcy of company, investors and consumers feel staggered and scare. Because it was the large company, the public think it was been trusted by the public. But the company has abused the public trust through the falsification of financial statements preparation and to deceive the public and lie about the benefits of its products in order to get more revenue. (Arnold, 22 July, 2002) China Telecom By the end of 2010, the population of Internet users in china has been reach to 23. 3 present of whole world and about 55. 3 percent of Internet users in Asia. However, china’s rate of Internet is the slowest of the world, the average rate of global broadband access is 5. 6Mbps, but in china, the average rate of downlink is only 1. 8Mbps (ranked 71st in the world). We noticed that the broadband market in China is lack of competition, Interesting, the average cost per Mbps is 3 to 4 times the price of UK, US and other developed countries. Hille, November 14, 2011) The price supervision and anti-monopoly bureau at china’s National Development and Reform Commission surprised observers on November 9, 2011 by announcing it was investigating China Telecom and another pharmaceutical company, the state-owned fixed-line carries, for allegedly abusing its dominant market position to limit the competitor entry the broadband business. ATT June, 2010. ATT will stop to let the customers signing its unlimited data plans and use new tiered pricing system. Ettinger, June 2, 2010 ) ATT listed three categories of plans: †¢Data Plus- $15 per month for 200 MB of data. If the customer is exceeding 200 MB of monthly billing cycles, they can have additional 200 MB of data for $15. According to ATT’s Statistics, 65% of mobile phone users’ monthly data flow is less than 200 MB †¢Data Pro- customers spend $25 per month; they can get 2 GB data. If customers exceed 2 GB in this month, they can receive 1 GB data/$10. Currently, 98% of people use less than 2 GB per month in their statistics. The ATT customers can pay additional $20 per month to let their mobile phones as a modem to offer the broadband for their computes. When the company could not found the new profit growth point, they selected provide the products which harm the interests of consumers to balance the income and expenditure of enterprises, rather than through innovation to create new revenue. Recommendations Accounting scandal Considered the WorldCom case, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Calls for global professional auditors maintain independent. They want to see the audit firm limit to provides additional services in order to make accounting fraud, In accordance with industry standards to appoint auditors and requested his independent position and not be limited by clients. Fair competition: Monopolistic competition Monopolistically competitive markets have the following characteristics: †¢ Profit Maximiser: Maximizes profits. †¢ Price Maker: They can decide the price of the product or goods to be sold. Price Discrimination: Usually refers to providers of goods or services to different recipients to provide the same level and same quality of goods or Services, Different interview with the different price. †¢ Single seller: In a Monopolistically competitive markets there are just one or two sellers of the good which produces all outputs. For this reason, the whole market has to serve by a single company, and this biggest company is the same as the whole industry. †¢ High Barriers to Entry: The competitors are unable to entry this market of the monopoly. We can witness that the triangle part is the Deadweight loss. Antitrust law or Antimonopoly Act Competition law, the most famous competition law is antitrust law, is law that stimulative market competes and adjust anti-competitive behavior. The role of the anti-monopoly law can be divided into four aspects: Maintain a reasonable market structure improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Maintenance and promotion of effective competition in the market, promoting the development of economic and technology. Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and social public welfare. Economic democracy Against overcharging In this case, we can witness that the company is trying to limit the consumers use more data by the data cap. But on the other hand, it seems to encouraging consumers to use more data as they like. In this case, DataPro plan, the price of exceed gigabyte is cheaper than the previous. ATT said that its maximum of 2 gigabyte of data in the plan will just impact the 2 percent users they collected, but the truth is that the almost of data use is increasing every year. Today’s heavy user is tomorrow’s average user. The unreasonable charge of AT will hamper innovation in new ways, and hinder the healthy growth of economic and broadband industry. AT can introduce an overcharging plan that is totally anti-consumers, further indicates that the wireless market is lack of competition Conclusion The report focuses on the unethical business in telecommunication industry and analysis of three cases about famous company, we know that the WorldCom went bankrupt because the accounting scandal, china telecom loss the confidence of customers because monopolistic conduct. It will lose the market competitiveness if it loses the support of government. I may suggest AT, the United States has a sound legal system and healthy business environment. With the Strict Sales Surveillance Mechanism, customers can make the best interest for themselves. Bibliography Binger, B Hoffman, E. : Microeconomics with Calculus, 2nd ed. p 391 Addison-Wesley 1998. Arnold, J. , 22 July, 2002. WorldCom’s star falls to earth. [Online] Available at: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/2066885. stm? lang=en_usoutput=json Ettinger, J. , June 2, 2010 . ATT Tiered Pricing Is Anti-Consumer. [Online] Available at: http://www. freepress. net/press-release/2010/6/2/free-press-att-tiered-pricing-anti-consumer Hille, K. , November 14, 2011. China expected to increase antitrust probes. [Online] Available at: http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/f21d704c-0c3a-11e1-8ac6-00144feabdc0. html#axzz1eqWYDERm Tran, M. , 9 August 2002. WorldCom accounting scandal. [Online] Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2002/aug/09/corporatefraud. worldcom2 How to cite The Unethical Business in the Telecommunication Industry, Essay examples

Ancient Roman Religion Essay Example For Students

Ancient Roman Religion Essay Throughout the history of Rome, from the monarchy to the late empire, religion had played a great role in its society and was involved in almost every aspect of the life of the Roman citizen. It was common for each house to have its own patron god/gods and ,on special occasions, the head of the house would make a sacrifice to the personal gods of the family. Also, great festivals were usually held in honor of certain gods and would include spectacles like chariot races and Gladiatorial fights. The religious practices of the ancient Romans are best remembered with grand temples, great festivals and Christian persecution to the final acceptance of Christianity within the Roman empire over the traditional pagan religions. The Roman religious practices can be divided into three phases which span from the founding of the city to the fall of the empire. The First Phase (753 BC to 500 BC) The first phase of Roman religion dated from the founding of the city to the early republic. This phase occurred before the Roman civilization had really adopted the Greek ways and so the religious practices of this time consisted of only three gods and these gods were known as the Archaic Triad. The gods of the archaic Triad were Jupiter (Jove) ,Mars and Quirinus. These gods had their Greek counterparts and would later be identified with them. Jupiter was the supreme master god and so he was associated with Zeus of Greek mythology. Ares was the god of power and war and so he was associated with his Greek counterpart, Ares and Quirinus was the god of the Roman people in general and he had no Greek counterpart. Mars was valued and worshipped more by the conquering and warlike Romans than Ares was to the Greeks and ,as a result, he had The Fields of Mars named after him. The Fields of Mars was located outside of Rome and it is where the soldiers woul d train. The Second Phase (500 BC to 313 AD) Before the end of the 6th century BC Greek influence had begun to affect Roman religion and this resulted in the transformation from the Archaic Triad to the more Greek influenced Captioline triad. In this triad the gods Mars and Quirinus were replaced by Juno and Minerva. As time went on ,during the second phase, the Romans adopted more variations and the number of Roman deities grew as ,like the Greek counterparts, they had a god for almost every aspect of society. During the later part of the Republic and throughout most of the pagan empire, the Romans deified ( or made gods of) people who were well loved or committed great deeds during their life. People were usually deified after their death and the deification was most always done by the senate. With the assination (and later deification) of Julius Caesar, it became popular for the senate to reward dead emperors ,who had served well in life, with deification. A humorous note to this involves the death of the emperor Vespasian in which he said ,just before he died, I feel I am becoming a god. Upon deification an emperor usually had temples built in his honor and a cult of followers. Also, during this period the Vestal Virgins were a major part of Roman religious practices. The Vestal Virgins were a sacred group of women whose duty it was to keep the sacred fire of Vesta burning at all times. The Vestal Virgins were required to take a vow of chastity upon entering the cult and the breaking of these vows was an offense punishable by a painful death. These revered women were so highly regarded by the Roman populace that they were given seats of honor in public places ,like the arena, when the regular woman was always put in less nobel areas. The Third Phase (313 AD to 476 AD) By the early empire ,in the first century AD, the traditional form of Roman religion was beginning to show signs of breaking up. Causes for this breakup could be attributed to the swarms of new religious beliefs that were sweeping through the Roman empire and the fact that most of these theologies promised peace after death to the destitute and uneducated majority of the Roman populace. The most notable of these new religions was Christianity ,which had found its roots in the rebellious Roman territory of Judea. And so it Came to pass in those days that a decree went out from Caesar Augstus that whole world should be taxed These famous lines of the Christian Bible describe the first mention of a Roman Emperor and would be remembered throughout history with the birth of Jesus Christ ,the symbol of christianity. Though his life was short and he was crucified at an extremely young age, Jesus developed a cult following due to his presumed miracles and of his preaching of eternal peace and everlasting life. His crucifixion resulted in the spreading of his faith throughout the Roman empire and in the beginning of the end of traditional Roman religion. Ironically enough it was the Romanization of Europe that allowed the Christian faith to easily spread. By the death of Christ, the whole Roman empire was connected with well constructed roads and inns which allowed the prophets to spread their message easily and safely. During the first decades preceding Christs death, Christians were tolerated but not really liked by the general population of the Roman empire due to their refusal to acknowledge the emperor as a living god. This act of defiance was considered heresy by the state .The real mass persecution of the Christian people came during the reign of the emperor Nero who needed a scapegoat on whom to blame the great fire during his reign. He chose the Christians because they were only a new group and did not have the total acceptance of the Roman people. These persecutions were horrible and involved all sorts of barbaric tortures which included the victim being fed to the lions, crucified or being used as a human torch. These same persecutions which were meant to discourage christianity actually helped it to grow because it was believed that the Christians died for their religion (became Martyrs) which made them look even more nobel to the people. Because of this persecution, many early Christians were forced to worship in the Roman Catacombs which was one of the few places they would be safe. The catacombs were sacred to the Romans because their dead were buried there and it was forbidden for them to kill anyone within their walls. It is also true that the crucifix was not always the symbol of Christianity but ,in fact, it started out as a Pagan Roman symbol. The fish was the identifying symbol among the early Christians and they identified with each other through that way. The beginning of the third phase and of the adoption of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire occurred in 312 BC, upon the conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. It is said that he had a vision from the Christian god before a monumental battle in which he was told that he would have victory if he painted the sign of Christianity on the shields of his men. He did what was told of him and was victorious and converted the empire to Christianity. What is Religion Essay To the Romans, the next world was as much a fact as this one. To get to the underworld, Charon, ferryman of the underworld, would take them across the river Styx. To pay him, a coin would be placed in the dead persons mouth, even if the body was cremated. The Romans had a much vaguer concept than the Celts of what conditions in the underworld would actually be like, although they did have the idea that good was rewarded and evil punished. Many educated Romans did not believe in the old gods, and turned to foreign gods such as Mithras (from Persia), Isis (from Egypt) and Bacchus (from Greece). The Bacchants did not seem respectable to ordinary Romans, because they used wine in their worship and were thought to conduct drunken orgies. This religion was one of the few not to be tolerated. The Druids were a Celtic group whom the Romans did not tolerate, because not only did they practise human sacrifice, but they also had great power over the aristocratic class. A hideous and shameful Eastern religion was Christianity. The people were usually allowed to practise any religion provided they worshipped the Emperor as well, but Christians could not consider worshipping any other gods. For this, they were accused of treason; this was also the cause of antagonism between the Romans and the Jews. Many Christians were poor people and slaves, so were suspected of subversive plotting. Because they celebrated the Eucharist with brea d and wine, which represent the body and blood of Christ, they were accused of cannibalism. Many Christians were killed, like Julius and Aaron at Caerleon, who may have died in the arena as public entertainment. The origins of the Roman pantheon began with the small farming community that made up the ancient village of Rome. The foundations of the mythology included nameless and faceless deities that lended support to the community while inhabiting all objects and living things. Numen, as the belief in a pantheistic inhabitation of all things is called, would later take root in more clearly defined system of gods, but early on this belief that everything was inhabited by numina was the prevalent system. Even though the early Romans were not very concerned with the distinct personalities of each god within their pantheon, there was a rigid clarification of what each particular deity was responsible for. All aspects of life within Rome were guided not only by the pantheon of familiar names we are accustomed to, but to the household cult of the Dii Familiaris as well. With this belief set, every family or household was believed to be assigned a guardian spirit known as the Lar Familiaris (Lars). All family functions included these spiritual guardians in some form or another. Among these spirits that played a role in the spiritual life of Romans were Genii for men and junii for women. Each of these individual deities stayed with a person for life and represented the creative force that determined gender and allowed individuals to grow, learn and behave morally within society. The Dii Familiaris were so ingrained within the household that several spirits were assigned to specific respons ibilities within a home. Forculus protected the door, Limentinus the threshold, Cardea the hinges, and Vesta the hearth. Most of the Roman gods and goddesses were a blend of several religious influences. Many of these were introduced via the Greek colonies of southern Italy and others had their roots in the Etruscan or Latin tribes of the region. In some cases the Etruscan or Latin names survived throughout the cultural existence of Rome, but many were adopted so completely that they maintained their names from other cultures. In the east, the Greek names remained the choice of the people and the major gods of the system therefore, were known by both. The gods of the Roman pantheon began taking on the forms known today during the dynasty of the Etruscan kings in the 6th century BC. These gods, Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), and Minerva (Athena), were worshiped at the grand temple on the Capitoline Hill. As Romes power grew and expanded throughout the known world, the Roman Empire came into contact with the cultures and religious beliefs of many cultures. The Romans, happy to absorb and assimilate any culture they encountered thereby reaping the benefits of both its wealth and religious influence, were a mosaic of belief systems. Foreign gods and customs not only played major roles but were also given temples and priesthoods within Rome itself. The goddess Cybele, a Phoenician god was adopted during the Second Punic War to counteract any benefit that Hannibal may have gained. Even after his defeat, Cybele remained an integral part of the Roman system. Another very popular foreign god was the Persian god Mithra. Overwhelmingly support ed in the Legions, this deity offered eternal salvation for the immortal soul and its popularity helped pave the way for the later Christian cult whose similarities made its adoption less difficult. With the passing of the Roman Republic into that of an Imperial system, the nature of Roman religion expanded again to include the Emperors themselves. Julius Caesar, having claimed to be a direct descendent of Aeneas, the son of Venus, was among the first to deify himself in such a manner. At first, such a system of human divinity was largely rejected by the masses, but the popularity of Caesar helped pave the way for future leaders. As the Imperial system gained hold, it was common practice for the Emperors to accept divine honors before their deaths. These living gods, in some cases, required sacrificial rituals as signs of loyalty and ingrained themselves with the older more traditional pagan gods. The requirement of a sacrifice to the emperor, as well as the forced belief in the complete pantheon became a significant source of conflict with early Christians. As Christians refused to worship the emperor as a god, persecution of the Christians and conflict with the cult was a constant source of strife. Emperor worship would continue until late in the western Empire until the reign of Constantine. In the early 4th century AD, Constantine either converted to Christianity or made it an acceptable part of Roman religion, eliminating the emperor deification altogether. Later Emperors such as Julian attempted to revive the old ways, but the deeply rooted Mithraism, and Christian cults combined were firmly set within Roman society. By 392 AD, Emperor Theodosius I banned the practice of pagan religions in Rome altogether and Christianity was, without question, the official religion of the state.

Time Management and Its Effect in Reducing Stress among Students

Introduction Students who manage their time well are more likely to cope with the stress associated with the increased academic and co-curricular demands of school life. As students scale the academic ladder, they will inevitably encounter increased workloads in line with their higher academic status. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Time Management and Its Effect in Reducing Stress among Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With this increased workload comes a degree of stress that if not handled and dealt with, can seriously affect the overall health of a student. At the heart of the stress, managing strategy is effective time management. Through planning of events to avoid last minute rashes and clashes in activities, a student can reduce his or her chances of being stressed. The major causes of stress among high school students One of the causes of stress among high school students and college students i s the difficulty in interacting with a completely new set of students and an even larger social group within the body of the learning institution (Shaffer 925). Whether a student is moving from junior high school to high school or from high school to college, he/she has to deal with a completely new set of people. Shaffer et al. state that, the pressure to conform to real or imagined new standards can be overwhelming for some students. This need to belong affects nearly all students and may lead some to be withdrawn and develop stress due to a perceived lack of belonging. As students try to establish a sort of balance between making friends and exploring the different social groups available at a new learning institution, the student’s academic performance may suffer and this will likely lead to conflicts with parents and teachers. Coping with a larger group of students and teachers, coupled with having to learn more complex academic materials can be especially difficult f or students who move to a new state or immigrant students who may have difficulties in communicating with other students. Another source of stress for students in high schools and even colleges is the increased expectations from parents or guardians. Diaz identifies the pressure to pass exams as the most significant source of stress for high school students (29). Many high school students are especially easily angered and are generally unsocial during the week preceding major exams. Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One major cause of stress related to exams is the high expectation placed on students to do well in examinations. This expectation is mostly from parents. The pressure and subsequent stress can be particularly intense in students enrolled in academic programs designed for gifted students like the International Baccalaureate (IB) program. Students in these programs are expe cted to maintain high academic standards throughout a school term or semester, and this can be very stressful for them, especially since the expectation comes from both teachers and parents. Students who are sponsored by organizations and even well-wishers also experience more stress during exam periods since most of the time their sponsorship is pegged on maintaining a certain academic performance standard. The increased workload associated with a higher academic level is also a major source of stress for students. According to Shannon, Niebling, and Heckert, many studies indicate an increase in stress levels for students as they move from one level of education to a higher one (312). This can mostly be attributed to the increased workload that the students have to cope with (Ranjita and McKean 42). Further, students may be engaged in many different activities in high school and this may contribute to a workload increase that may prove hard to handle for the students. Many high sc hool students actively engaged in a sport will have to work harder just to be at par with other students in his or her class who are not engaged in any sport or other time-demanding co-curricular activity. Reduced physical activity has been a major factor in increased levels of stress amongst high school and college students. Spruijt-Metz states that there is a direct connection between the stress levels of high school students and their level of physical activity (180). The students who are less physically active are more likely to have higher stress levels, and vice versa. Time management and its role in reducing stress Effective time management is the best way of reducing or eliminating stress associated with general lack of planning among high school students. Hechuan and Yang state that, one of the reasons that high school students experience academic related stress is due to inadequate or inconsistent sleep patterns (464). Due to various engagements, students may find themsel ves sleeping irregularly, or getting fewer sleep hours, which eventually harms their academic performance by affecting concentration in class. They recommend that students should plan their day effectively to ensure they get adequate (about seven hours) sleep every night.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Time Management and Its Effect in Reducing Stress among Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hechuan and Yang also state that to avoid the stress associated with impending exams, students should prepare for the exams adequately by ensuring that they set aside study time every day, and this early preparation will ensure students are relaxed and confident as exams approach (465). Students should also plan by setting aside adequate time for doing and concluding homework every day. This ensures that the workload for each particular day is effectively dealt with and no work is carried forward to another day. Th e importance of ensuring that assignments for each particular day are completed is that it helps the students keep up with the class work and this reduces the pressure of having to read substantial amounts of information (a source of stress) during exam periods due to failure to do set assignments. Another important stress reducing activity that should be factored in a student’s daily plans should be physical activity. Workload increase is inevitable and intense reading and studying as one climbs the academic ladder is a norm rather than an exception. Therefore, to effectively deal with stress, students should be encouraged to relieve stress through engaging in physical activities, which have the added benefit of re-invigorating the body, and this makes the student feel fresh enough for further academic activities. Conclusion As shown in the foregoing discussion, time management – planning activities to fit into a specific schedule is the best way of reducing stress le vels amongst students. Through time management, students will be more likely to cope with stresses associated with the increased academic and co-curricular demands of high school and college. Students who are keen on maintaining a certain high level of academic performance will strive to manage their time effectively to ensure that they engage in any institutional activity they desire without compromising their performance standards. Stress sets in only when the involved party fails to manage the available time effectively. Works Cited Diaz, Luis. â€Å"A Study on the Effectiveness of a Stress Management Program for College Students.† Pharmacy Education 5.1 (2005): 27-31.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hechuan, Sun,  and  Yang, Xiaolin.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Students’ Pressure, Time Management, and Effective Learning.†Ã‚  The International Journal of Educational Management   23.6  (2009):  456-460. Ranjita, Misra, and McKean, Michelle. â€Å"College Students’ Academic Stress and Its Relation to Their Anxiety, Time Management, and Leisure Satisfaction.† American Journal of Health Studies 16.1 (2000): 41-46. Shaffer, Emily. â€Å"Sources of Stress for Students in High School College Preparatory and General Education Programs: Group Differences and Associations with Adjustment.† Adolescence 44.176 (2009): 925-948. Shannon, Ross, Niebling, Bradley, and Heckert, Teresa. â€Å"Sources of Stress among College Students.† College Student Journal 33.2 (1999): 311-314. Spruijt-Metz, Donna. â€Å"Associations between Physical Activity and Perceived Stress/Hassles in College Students.† Stress Health: Journal of the International Society for the In vestigation of Stress 22.3 (2006): 179-188. This essay on Time Management and Its Effect in Reducing Stress among Students was written and submitted by user Lee Perry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Frankenstein Quotes Explained

Frankenstein Quotes Explained The following Frankenstein quotes address the novels key themes, including the pursuit of knowledge, the power of nature, and human nature. Discover the meaning of these important passages, as well as how each quote connects to the novels broader themes. Quotes About Knowledge It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in it highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Chapter 2) This statement is made by Victor Frankenstein at the start of the novel as he recounts his childhood to Captain Walton. The passage is significant for outlining the main obsession Frankensteins life: achieving intellectual enlightenment. This ambition, combined with a desire for glory, is Frankensteins driving force, motivating him to excel in his studies at university and later to create the monster. Yet, we later learn, the fruits of this labor are rotten. Frankenstein is horrified by his creation, and in turn the monster kills everyone that Frankenstein loves. Thus, Shelley seems to be asking whether such an ambition is a worthwhile goal, and whether such knowledge is truly enlightening. The â€Å"secrets† mentioned in this passage continue to appear throughout the novel. In fact, much of Frankenstein revolves around the secrets of life- things that are hard or impossible to understand. While Frankenstein discovers the physical and metaphysical secrets, his creation is obsessed with more philosophical secrets of life: what is the meaning of life? What is the purpose? Who are we? The answers to these questions are left unsolved. So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein - more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation. (Chapter 3) In this quote, Frankenstein describes his experience at university. He personifies his soul- â€Å"the soul of Frankenstein†- and claims that his soul told him he would discover the secrets of the world. This quote plainly lays out Frankensteins ambition, his hubris, and his ultimate downfall. Frankenstein seems to suggest that his desire to be the greatest pioneer of science is an innate characteristic and a predetermined fate, thus removing any responsibility over his actions. Frankensteins desire to push beyond the limits of humanity is a flawed goal that sets him on a path of misery. As soon as the creature is completed, Frankensteins beautiful dream turns into a deformed, hideous reality. Frankensteins achievement is so disturbing that he runs away from it immediately. The die is cast; I have consented to return if we are not destroyed. Thus are my hopes blasted by cowardice and indecision; I come back ignorant and disappointed. It requires more philosophy than I possess to bear this injustice with patience. (Chapter 24) Captain Walton writes these lines in a letter to his sister at the close of the novel. After listening to Frankenstein’s tale, and faced with an unrelenting storm, he decides to return home from his expedition. This conclusion demonstrates that Walton has learned from Frankensteins story. Walton was once an ambitious man in search of glory like Frankenstein. Yet through Frankenstein’s tale, Walton realizes the sacrifices that come with discovery, and he decides to prioritize his own life and the lives of his crew members over his mission. Although he says that he is filled with â€Å"cowardice† and that he comes back â€Å"disappointed† and â€Å"ignorant,† this ignorance is what saves his life. This passage returns to the theme of enlightenment, reiterating that the singleminded search for enlightenment makes a peaceful life impossible. Quotes About Nature I remembered the effect that the view of the tremendous and ever-moving glacier had produced upon my mind when I first saw it. It had then filled me with a sublime ecstasy, that gave wings to the soul, and allowed it to soar from the obscure world to light and joy. The sight of the awful and majestic in nature had indeed always the effect of solemnizing my mind and causing me to forget the passing cares of life. I determined to go without a guide, for I was well acquainted with the path, and the presence of another would destroy the solitary grandeur of the scene. (Chapter 10) In this quote, Frankenstein details his solitary trip to Montanvert to grieve the death of his brother William. The â€Å"sublime† experience of being alone in the harsh beauty of the glaciers calms Frankenstein. His love for nature and the perspective it provides is invoked throughout the novel. Nature reminds him that he is just a man, and therefore powerless to the great forces of the world. This â€Å"sublime ecstasy† gives Frankenstein a kind of enlightenment wholly different from the scientific knowledge he sought through chemistry and philosophy. HIs experiences in nature are not intellectual, but rather emotional and even religions, allowing his soul to â€Å"soar from the obscure world to light and joy.† He is reminded here of nature’s ultimate power. The â€Å"tremendous and ever-moving glacier† is more permanent than humankind will ever be; this reminder calms Frankensteins anxiety and grief. Nature allows him to experience the transcendence he hoped he would find in his search for true knowledge. Quotes About Humanity These thoughts exhilarated me and led me to apply with fresh ardour to the acquiring the art of language. My organs were indeed harsh, but supple; and although my voice was very unlike the soft music of their tones, yet I pronounced such words as I understood with tolerable ease. It was as the ass and the lap-dog; yet surely the gentle ass whose intentions were affectionate, although his manners were rude, deserved better treatment than blows and execration. (Chapter 12) In this quote, the creature relays part of his story to Frankenstein. The creature compares his experience in the De Lacey cottage to the fable of the ass and the lap-dog, in which the ass pretends to be a lap dog and gets beaten for his behavior. While living in the De Lacey cottage, strove to gain acceptance from the family despite his harsh appearance. However, the De Lacey family did not treat him with acceptance; instead, they attacked him. The creature sympathizes with the affectionate intentions of the ass and argues that the violent treatment of the gentle ass is reprehensible. The creature clearly sees a parallel to his own story. He understands that he is different from others, but his intentions are good, and he desires acceptance and approval. Tragically, he never receives the approval he yearns for, and his alienation turns him into a violent monster. This passage points to one of the novels essential points: the idea that judgment based on external appearances is unjust, but is nevertheless a tendency of human nature. The quote also raises the question of ultimate responsibility for the murders committed by the creature. Should we blame only the creature, or do those who were cruel to give him a chance to prove his humanity deserve some of the blame? I was dependent on none and related to none. The path of my departure was free, and there was none to lament my annihilation. My person was hideous and my stature gigantic. What did this mean? Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? What was my destination? These questions continually recurred, but I was unable to solve them. (Chapter 15) In this quote, the creature asks the fundamental questions of life, death, and identity. At this point in the novel, the creature has only recently come to life, but by reading Paradise Lost and other works of literature, he has found a way to question and reflect on his life and its meaning. Unlike Frankenstein, who searches for the scientific secrets of human life, the creature asks philosophical questions about human nature. By bringing the creature to life, Frankenstein succeeds in his inquiry, but that form of scientific â€Å"enlightenment† cannot answer the creatures existential questions. This passage suggests that science can only go so far in helping us understand the world, as it cannot answer our existential and moral questions. Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image; but my form is a filthy type of yours, more horrid even from the very resemblance. Satan had his companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary and abhorred. (Chapter 15) In this quote, the creature compares himself to Adam and Frankenstein to God. According to the creature, Adam is â€Å"beautiful† and â€Å"alluring in the image of the almighty, but Frankenstein’s creation is â€Å"filthy† and â€Å"horrid.† This contrast demonstrates the stark difference between the abilities of God and the abilities of Frankenstein. Frankensteins work has been a crude attempt to wield the power of creation, and according to the creature, his hubris is rewarded with wretchedness, ugliness, and loneliness. Furthermore, Frankenstein will not take responsibility for his creation by taking the creature under his wing; thus, the creature considers himself even more solitary and abhorred than Satan. By pointing out Frankensteins folly, the creature again points out the dangers of attempting to go beyond ones own humanity by seeking God-like glory.

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection What is this life if full of care; we have no time to stand and stare. These famous lines from the poem Leisure by W H Davis sum up my attitude towards life. The life we lead must be worth living.Think about it. Every one gets the same twenty four hours in a day. But only a handful realize the value of time. Make sure to utilize your time wisely. Dont pursue unattainable goals and remain disappointed. Real happiness lies in enjoying every moment of your life, doing what you wish to do. Build your life, minute by minute, with memories of love, kindness, and courage. Reflect on the words of famous people. Understand their perspective about life, and gain new knowledge. A Zen SayingSit quietly, doing nothing, spring comes, and the grass grows by itself. Ernest L. WoodwardSo great has been the endurance, so incredible the achievement, that, as long as the sun keeps a set course in heaven, it would be foolish to despair of the human race. Ralph Waldo EmersonSo much of our time is preparation, so much is routine, and so much retrospect, that the path of each mans genius contracts itself to a very few hours. Samuel JohnsonSome desire is necessary to keep life in motion. Thomas FullerSome have been thought brave because they were afraid to run away. Jane RubiettaSomeone may have stolen your dream when it was young and fresh and you were innocent. Anger is natural. Grief is appropriate. Healing is mandatory. Restoration is possible. Stephen CoveyStrength lies in differences, not in similarities. Kenneth HildebrandStrong lives are motivated by dynamic purposes. Vincent LombardiSuccess demands singleness of purpose. Booker T. WashingtonSuccess is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome.

Isolation and How It Kills within Ethan Frome Research Paper

Isolation and How It Kills within Ethan Frome - Research Paper Example Throughout the novel, isolation defines the plot and the characters' destinies. This essay analyzes the theme of isolation in Ethan Frome. Wharton uses setting, characterization, and symbolism to show how isolation emasculated Ethan Frome and affected his relationship with Mattie and Zeena. The setting of the book is Starkfield, a fictional New England village, which shows how physical isolation has resulted to the emasculation of Ethan Frome. Starkfield is an isolated and cold place, which also affects its small-town culture. It is very far from other cities and it often has harsh cold weather. The weather has become a cold blanket that rules over people's emotions and thoughts. The community is also poor, being constantly cold and poor of resources, which is why Harmon says that it is better if people left the village: â€Å"Most of the smart ones get away† (Wharton Chapter 1). The weather and geographical location leave people feeling terribly lonely and hopeless. The sadne ss and hopelessness in Starkfield have been embodied through several images in the novel. For instance: â€Å"Beyond the orchard lay a field or two...huddled against the white immensities of land and sky, one of those lonely New England farm-houses that make the landscape lonelier (Wharton â€Å"Ethan†). ... In addition, the farm houses can stand for the townspeople. They also feel isolated from each other. Gossip is commonplace, but they rarely show acts of empathy and love toward each other. For example, even they feel sorry for Frome after the â€Å"smash-up,† they do not offer him any real empathy. Frome must have felt lonelier after the smash-up, because people â€Å"guessed† what he and Mattie wanted to truly do. Moreover, the coldness of their environment spills over people's hopes and freezes their ability to dream and pursue their dreams. Ethan once wanted to be an engineer, but because of lack of social and financial support, he did not become one anymore. He also has to take care of his mother. Then, he dreams of being with Mattie, but due to his poverty and the problem of being â€Å"judged† by his society, he does not leave Zeena. Ethan wants an easier way out instead of facing poverty and ridicule, but this dream is snatched from him too. The setting al so evokes a fairy tale escape and simplification of characters and their isolation. Ammons argues that Ethan Frome can be viewed as a fairy tale, because the novel contains the archetypes of â€Å"the witch, the silvery maiden, the honest woodcutter† (Ammons 48). She compares Ethan Frome to Snow White, where Zeena is the witch, Mattie is the silvery maiden, and Ethan is the honest woodcutter. Zeena is the witch, because she is the selfish villain who wants to be Ethan's queen, even when Ethan no longer loves her. Zeena will do everything she can to keep Ethan from leaving her and Starkfield. One of her ways is being constantly sick. If she is sick, Ethan will remember what she did for his mother. She uses Ethan's indebtedness to her to force him into living with her, if not loving her. Another

Business In Global Markets Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business In Global Markets - Term Paper Example However, some other aspects that affect globalization are not easily controlled. It takes a lot of time and resources to change certain aspects that affect globalization. One of these aspects that have been affecting globalization is culture. The culture of a place is not easily changed as most of the societies in these areas savor their culture. In most cases, the behaviors of a society are connected to their culture. Therefore, it is not an easy task to separate behavior of people from their culture as the two are cemented together. Primary Components of Culture. Culture comprises of various primary and secondary components. Primary components are vital in a society as they have a direct impact on the society. Most of the primary components of culture are given priority as they have an impact on the whole community and society. The first primary component of culture is language. The language in a cultural society is the way the people in the society communicate to each other. Some of the people use verbal way of talking while others use signs. It is explained that language is a way of communicating to other members of the society and an important aspect in interaction. Therefore, globalization and spread of business will depend on the acceptance in communication with the society through language. The second primary aspect is the beliefs of the society (Meyer 17). Some societies have strong beliefs about various products that are sold in the market. Therefore, this is likely to affect the issue of globalization and spread of businesses in such an area. For example some areas have beliefs that people are strictly vegetarians. In such places, consumption of animal meat is prohibited. Therefore, a business that specializes in meat production is not likely to sprout in such an area. The third primary element of culture is the norms in the culture. Norms are stipulated in a community to help in orderliness in the society and culture. The culture upholds the need fo r orderliness, discipline and stability in the society. Without this, the society will not be peaceful ads many people will not be in peace. Similarly, the norms of a culture explain the social control that is instilled to the members of the society. This ensures the members of the society are having social control and peaceful coexistence. This could affect globalization in a number of ways. For example, when there is no social control, the environment will not be conducive to business. As such, businesses will have the fear of selling products in the market. The fourth primary aspect is values of the culture. A value is a strong aspect in a cultural society and has effect on the decisions that are made by the people. Apparently, the values of a society explain anything that people have unanimously accepted to aspire to hold it in high esteem. Therefore, when a community values discipline, all the members of the community have to be disciplined. Without such, the society is likely to punish the people that deviate from discipline. This is one of the aspects that affect globalization and business orientation in the community. The last primary component of culture is the roles and statuses of the people in the society. Many societies have various roles that should be performed by various groups. These roles are strictly observed by these communities and people have to respect such an arrangement. Deviating from such an arrangement is considered unacceptable and can be met with stringent

Steel Economics Commentary Essay Example for Free

Steel Economics Commentary Essay Around the world, steel suppliers are cutting production levels as demand for the commodity is rapidly decreasing. Due to the recent global recession, people are delaying buying cars and houses, both of which are products that are predominantly made of steel. More specifically, ArcelorMittal, the worlds largest steel producer will be cutting production by more than 30% in Europe and U.S.A, resulting in an estimated $2.5 billion loss in the fourth quarter. Companies like Steel Authority of India Ltd. were forced to reduce their prices by 6000 rupees ($126) a ton in order to increase demand for the commodity, as people do not have the money to buy steel anymore. The extent of this issue has risen to the point where some steel producers are temporarily shutting down factories, and stopping the purchase of raw slabs of steel, like ThyssenKrupp AG, who is Germanys biggest producer. Thus, as a result of the leftward shift in demand for steel, due to reduced consumer incomes, supply has been forced to the right. Price Quantity Due to the decreased demand for steel, there is an excess amount of the commodity (Homogenous goods that are raw materials in critical industries)1. One solution for dealing with this excess amount of steel is by controlling supply (the quantity of goods and services that producers are willing and able to produce for a given time period, ceteris paribus)2 to fit the new level of demand (the quantity of goods and services that consumers are willing and able to buy at all prices, for a given time period, ceteris paribus)3, which some large firms, like ArcelorMittal, are already doing. Although, another solution for steel producers is to manufacture the commodity at the same level at which they were before the global recession, and store the surplus product until the demand and price of steel rise. This solution is based around a buffer stock scheme (A form of intervention to try to stabilize the price of a commodity. Stocks of the commodity are kept and sold when the price is high to try to reduce it. When the price is low further stocks of the commodity are bought)4. The marginal social benefits (incremental benefit of an activity as viewed by the society and expressed as the sum of marginal external benefit and marginal private benefit)5 of implementing a buffer stock scheme would be price stability, and economic growth. By storing the extra steel, if in the future, when the world comes out of the recession, there would ever be a shortage (which would result in high prices and lower demand), prices would stabilize as the large firms would then be able to sell the stored steel back into the market. This would not only benefit consumers, as the price of steel would lower, but also firms, as the quantity demanded for steel would go up (resulting in a rightward shift of the demand curve), due to the previous deliberate increase in quantity supplied thus creating more revenue. Price Output Also, since the demand for steel will eventually rise, and the firms will have a plentiful amount of it stored, steel producers will be able to make a greater profit off the commodity, as compared to the present situation where the steel is being sold for much less than its actual value. This will result in economic growth for steel companies, and the world, as people will start to invest in these companies again, due to the ready amount of steel on the market. These advantages, price stability and future economic growth, both contribute to a firms main goal, to maximize revenue. In conclusion, the marginal social costs (the cost incurred by both the firm and society in producing each extra unit of a good)6 of setting up a buffer stock scheme would be, the hefty amount of start-up capital, the costs of storage, and the fear of scare buyers when the recession ends. Although these MSCs are all major financial concerns, the MSBs outweigh them, as people will be eager to invest in the steel companies, buy new houses and cars, and begin new construction projects (eliminates the fear of scarce buyers). These actions all require steel, meaning thereby that the total revenue generated through this surplus of steel will be greater than the start-up capital, and the storage costs. 1 Notes: Commodity Markets 29th September, 2008 2 Notes: The law of Supply September 24th, 2008 3 Notes The Law of Demand: September 17th 2008 4http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0glosid=1121 5 http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=1glosid=653 6 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marginal-social-benefit.html

The Benefits of Play Time for Children Essay -- Cognitive, Social, Psy

The best way for parents to teach their child is to play with them. Because indoor and outdoor play is a child's opportunity to explore his new world, it is very important for his growth. In order to help their children develop cognitive, social, and psychological skills, parents should actively participate in their child's playtime. The first step for parents to take is to give the child enough room to play. Enough play space will give way to paths, ramps, bridges, hills, etc (Strickland par. 3). Because the child will have extra room to move, his body will engage in actions, which is important for him to learn how his mind cooperates with his body. Provide tools like plastic shovels, sand buckets, or blocks of wood to encourage him to build anything he wants. Such things as sand, water, blocks, and boxes for construction are moveable. Since they are moveable, they are also changeable; he can calculate in his head what needs to go where (Strickland par. 1). The balancing, lifting, and carrying will help develop his cognitive skills because he will be using his mind to complete his project just the way he imagines it (Strickland par. 2). The movements and strategies that are accompanied by outdoor projects will enhance his motor coordination, and hone his timing skills (Muller par. 38). Dr. Katheleen Al fano, director research at Fisher Price, states that â€Å"a great deal of research has been conducted recently into the link between play and movement, and intellectual development† (Muller par. 37). Of course, the parents' role in this activity is to monitor their child's play, but to not hover or intervene. The parents may feel urged to correct the child's method of construction, but it is vital for the child to ... ...k. There is no time commitment, and the child savors the play-time just the same (Bush par. 4). There are many things to do outside to help define the child's character: read outside (Bush par. 8), gaze at the sky (Bush par. 9), listen to animal sounds (Bush par. 10), look at the many bugs, and much more. When a child sees an eccentric insect, his reaction will portray his character and personality. It also helps him explore his feelings (Bush par. 7). Allowing aggressive play and scheduling time to see the world together are ways that parents can actively participate in their child's play-time. The famous author Dr. Seuss thinks that â€Å"adults are obsolete children.† Still, parents must put adulthood aside sometimes and actively participate in their child's play-time in order to help the child develop cognitive, social, and psychological skills.

Comparison of the Chinese and American Cultures Essay

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, culture is defined as â€Å"the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations.† Culture is an aspect all groups of humans have and even though it is an aspect our species shares, the supposed differences make it seem like we are of different species! Culture is something that both connects and separates us. Culture is something distinct enough to create barriers among us, such as: linguistic barriers and behavioral barriers. And this is especially seen between the American and Chinese cultures. River Town, by Peter Hessler, is a non-fiction novel that depicts Peter’s experiences as a Peace Corps volunteer in Fuling, China. He was sent to Fuling (a poor town on the banks of the Yangtze River) in 1996 and taught English and American literature for two years at a teachers college. This novel, in reading, seems more of a journal and thus, his writing of China puts the people and his experiences on a more personal level. He describes, with immense detail, his observations of the social, political and cultural issues of China and his experience as a waiguoren (foreigner). At his arrival, the people of the teachers college showered him and his fellow Peace Corps volunteer with many gifts and did everything they could to make them feel comfortable and welcome. However, alternately, whenever Peter would walk outside the campus of the school, the people would stare and gawk at him and yell, â€Å"outsider!† and â€Å"hello† out of curiosity and their own amusemen t. This made him dedicate a large part of his day solely to learning Chinese. As he becomes more proficient in Chinese, he develops friendships and connections and begins to feel more accepted. He talks about the troubled history of China: the struggles of land reform, decades of misguided economic policies and especially the damaging effects of the Cultural Revolution. Peter spends a good deal discussing the, then, upcoming  project of the Three Gorges Dam, which has an immense, detrimental impact on the people. The project will require millions of villagers to be displaced and will destroy centuries worth of meaningful history. The author gives a very vivid illustration of the beautiful landscape, history and the people he meets. He also portrays the, especially political, perspectives of the Chinese quite well through learning from his students and teachers. According to Francis Hsu, the two sets of contrasts are: individual-centered versus situation-centered and the prominence of emotions versus the underplay of all matters regarding the heart. He believed Americans are concerned only of themselves and act according to what would be beneficial to them, and that the Chinese acted according to the situation at hand. The Chinese avoid direct confrontation, open criticism and controversial topics to maintain harmony. â€Å"In America, he saw the blind, often excessive pursuit of self-reliance and the inherent, permanent instability of human relationships as the root cause of many intractable social ills, including crime, racial discord, and the sale of influence in government. In China, he saw the traditional narrow focus on kinship based relationships had rendered their society unable to effectively counter Western colonialism, widespread poverty and famine, and even the practice of foot binding of women.† (Tong 2001) One aspect of the book that really interested me was the education system and different cultural differences of how education is looked upon. In the book, the students all had the same thoughts on almost every issue and those opinions would be unwavering. However, â€Å"Perhaps by my standards they were politically brainwashed, but compared to the past they were remarkably free.† (Hessler 2001:23) They would also communicate indirectly to Hessler; often times via their journals. Not only is the learning environment in China highly competitive and demanding, but expectations are high of students, forcing them to simply learn to achieve the highest grade possible. Also, Chinese students do not have electives they can choose from, they are assigned classes that best correspond to their scores on tests. Whereas in America, individualism and self-expression if looked high upon. Thus, in America, the individual student’s abilities and skills determine  where they go in the future, and in China, what society or their parents want determines where they go. This is exactly what Francis Hsu talked about. I believe Peter Hessler was relatively objective in his journaling. Whenever he brought up thoughts or opinions of his students or any of the Fuling people, he briefly gave the history and background of them so we can understand where they are coming from. However, there were a few times where you could sense his extreme bias, but this was never fully evident in his writing. The difference between American and Chinese homes reflects the contrasting patterns of behavior in the family. In the US, children are highly regarded, cared for and have privilege, so far as to have laws and regulations protecting them. In China, children are taken for granted and have little to no reason to expect protection. Pediatrics was not a branch of medicine in China until just recently. In America, what is important is what parents should do for their parents; in China, what is important is what the children should do for their parents. This is a major reason why Chinese students are so focused on getting the best grades, so they can get a good job and take care of their elders. This is the basis for Filial Piety (virtue of respect for one’s parents and ancestors). American students focus on what is best for them and will usually move out the house at age 18 with no regard to taking care of their elders. Another difference between the two cultures is social relations hips. The Chinese have formal, hierarchal relationships in which they feel most comfortable knowing their position. Americans have informal, egalitarian relationships in which they feel most comfortable among their equals and social ranking is not important. Ironically however, the Chinese tend to have a few, very close friends to whom they feel obligated to when it comes to helping them; Americans tend to have numerous â€Å"friends† and acquaintances that changes over time and to whom they feel no obligations. Works Cited 2001 River Town: Two years on the Yangtze. HarperCollins Publishers. Aguilar, Leslie, and Linda Stokes 1996. Multicultural Customer Service: Providing Outstanding Service Across Cultures. Chicago: Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc â€Å"CultureAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc.) Are Now Displayed on One Page.† Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013 Li Qing 1995. â€Å"Face, Guanxi, Houmen(r) & Elastic Rules: Insight into the Chinese Culture.† Presentation at conference of NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Tong, William K. â€Å"Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu.† Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu. Oakton Community College, 2001. Web. 22 Apr. 2013

Summer: David Updike

It is the simple childhood activities like e games of inns or baseball that gives him the feeling of youth. To parallel Homers feel Eng, Update describes the summer nights filled with an endless amount of stars making the e sky seem infinite with â€Å"no bounds† ( pig 359, Summer). As children, the sense of bounds ray is constantly being learned and discovered. This small view into Homers pastimes allows t he reader to catch a glimpse of Homer's childlike side. As the story continues, Homer takes an interest in Sandra, the girl next door.He no longer plays games to pass the time, instead he spends his days thinking ABA t her. Soon he notices notices every detail about her, her inability to get a tan despite being outdoors, or the way she walks. However, as young man, to approach Sandra and tell her how he really feels takes large amounts of courage. When Homer is around her, he is always very cautious not letting on too much about how he feels. For the time being, Homer is li ving in absolute bliss. With a â€Å"merciless succession of beautiful days† (pig 301, Summer), it seems like e nothing can wrong.Time slows down and everything is perfect, especially with Sandra. Unfortunately all good things come to an end. As summer comes to an end, H emmer realizes that he will have to say goodbye to Sandra without her knowing his try u feelings for her. Time isn't the only thing running out for Homer, the glorious summer day s have also begun to fade â€Å"leaving the sky a hard and unbroken blue† (pig 361 Summer). Despite the feelings of sadness, all it takes is one small touch from Sandra to assure him t hat â€Å"his love [had] been returned† (pig 363, Summer).The simplicity of the action was neon ugh to make him tauter and realize that even though he might not have expressed himself full y, the message he was trying to convey was still understood and returned. Childhood to adulthood is a transition that all individuals experience. Updat e Illustrates this change through the example of first love. Homer's hesitance to express hi s feelings to Sandra is just one type of growth that helps shape an individual to be who the y are as an adult. Update then uses setting, symbolism, and events to parallel Homers fee lings throughout the month.

Act 1 Scene 7(lines 1-28), Act 2 Scene 1(lines 33-64) and Act 5 Scene 5(lines 18-27) Essays

Act 1 Scene 7(lines 1-28), Act 2 Scene 1(lines 33-64) and Act 5 Scene 5(lines 18-27) Essays Act 1 Scene 7(lines 1-28), Act 2 Scene 1(lines 33-64) and Act 5 Scene 5(lines 18-27) Paper Act 1 Scene 7(lines 1-28), Act 2 Scene 1(lines 33-64) and Act 5 Scene 5(lines 18-27) Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth Macbeths state of mind changes drastically throughout the course of the play. This change is shown in his three main soliloquies. In Act 1 Scene 7 Macbeth is hesitant about killing Duncan and tries to think of reasons to justify killing him but Macbeth can only think of reasons not to kill Duncan. In Act 2 Scene1 Macbeth has a hallucination of a dagger with the handle pointed towards him. This dagger resembles his own and the blade is pointed toward Duncans room and, as the soliloquy goes on, appears to have blood all over it. This is Macbeths sub-conscious warning him not to kill Duncan. Finally, in Macbeths last soliloquy in Act 5 Scene 5, Macbeth is regretting killing Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs wife, children and household. Macbeth starts at the fact that he had tried so hard to be memorable but he will be forgotten. Also, Macbeth states how meaningless his life has been and, like a candle, his end is inevitable. Before Act 1 Scene 7 King Duncan has arrived at Macbeths castle and he has so far played the humble guest. However, Macbeth has been persuaded by Lady Macbeth to kill Duncan so the prophecy of the witches comes true, Macbeth is very noble at this point and is thinking hat killing Duncan will go against his values. Macbeths first soliloquy about his changing state of mind is in Act 1 Scene 7(lines 1-28). This soliloquy sees Macbeth contemplating whether or not to kill Duncan and Macbeth is desperately trying to think of reasons that would aid him in the killing of Duncan. However Macbeth can think of no such reasons, the only thing the he can think of are things that serve only to keep Duncan alive and that killing him now would be the greatest act of villainy. Because Duncan is at Macbeths castle he is in double trust first as Macbeth is his kinsman and his subject and then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife himself. Another thing that Macbeth tells himself is that killing Duncan would be about as cruel as leaving a naked newborn babe striding the blast and that tears would drown the land at Duncans death, since he was such a good and just king. Furthermore, Duncan is portrayed as a kind and gentle king as he showers Lady Macbeth with gifts when he enters Macbeths hospitality. When Macbeth makes his decision he has thought of all the possible outcomes. Macbeth is scared to kill Duncan because he fears eternal damnation. This is relevant at the time because people believed that the King was chosen by God and that killing the king would be like killing a part of God, it would also upset the natural order. At the end of the Scene Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth his decision not to kill Duncan but adamantly this is met with rage and abuse as Macbeth is called a coward by Lady Macbeth. This serves to change his mind. By Macbeths second soliloquy, in Act 2 Scene 1, he has decided to kill Duncan and is on his way to do so when he starts to see a dagger. Firstly he sees the daggers hilt pointing toward him, the blade points towards Duncans room. Macbeth tries to grab the dagger but his hand goes straight through it as it is not real and only a manifestation of his guilty conscience. The dagger then changes to having blood all over it. This is what Macbeths dagger will look like once he has killed Duncan. Furthermore, during the soliloquy Macbeth thinks that the stones that his castle are made from are moving and if they were then they would certainly be crying out at the terrible deed that Macbeth is going through. There is a lot of reference to movement in this soliloquy; Macbeth speaks of ravishing strides, a stealthy pace and Moves like a ghost. This could show that he is concerned that if he stops moving he will become scared of killing Duncan and so will not. Macbeth seems to be going mad at this juncture; he realises that the dagger, which at this point is moving towards Duncan, is not real. His eyes are the fools othother senses. This could mean that his eyesight is either much better or much worse that his other senses. At the moment Macbeths state of mind is one of great fear at both his thoughts and feelings and at being discovered. He also feels dread at what is to come in the future. As we know Macbeths future is not the best, but he is not to know that at this point in the play. Another reason for Macbeths fear is that while he is walking around talking to himself and thinking about the dreadful deed he is about to commit, Duncan still lives; and Macbeth could be discovered at any time and he would be unable to explain himself. The last two lines of this scene are a rhyming couplet. Macbeth is commenting that the bell ringing in the background is Duncans knell, a funeral bell rung to announce a death, summoning him to heaven or hell. This could be seen as some sort of dark humour on Shakespeares part, Macbeth is sure of where both he and Duncan are going. Duncan to heaven; Macbeth to hell. In Act 5 Scene 5 the battle between the armies of Macbeth and Malcolm is about to begin and Macbeth is starting to think that all his plans are coming undone. Macbeths castle is under siege and he begins to contemplate life and its petty pace from day to day, meaning that life, especially his, is meaningless and like a brief candle his end is inevitable despite his trying to make an impression on the world. At this point Macbeth is totally incapable of emotion whether fear at his impending doom or, as it happens, grief at his wifes death. His only comment is that she should have died hereafter. This is almost as if to say that Lady Macbeths death was inconvenient at this time. Macbeth again states that life is worthless, and is not as exciting as it seems, not unlike a tale told by an idiot, which is told with a lot of exuberance but, in the end, signifies nothing. Furthermore, like a poor player being forgotten and unsuccessful, Macbeth has not made enough of an impression to be remembered, even as a great tyrant and traitor. Macbeth mentions a dusty death which, in his case, would mean that his death shall not be remembered and like a dusty book on the top shelf he will not be acknowledged or honoured. Macbeth changes again in Act 5 Scene 5. He is now impervious to any emotion and he believes that all life, his mainly, is a waste of time and should not have been bothered with in the first place. He has gone past being a nobleman and being afraid of an unjust death and now is not able to feel any emotion at all. By the end of the play Macbeth becomes a cold-blooded killer from a noble lord and his actions are ruled by his dependence on the prophecy of the witches and his eventual total victory through their words. Little does Macbeth know that the prophecy is not intended for his victory but is designed to make him suffer for yielding to the power of the witches, murdering Duncan and trying to elevate his status in Scotland. This shows that Macbeth deserves the death that he gets because he is a true tyrant and traitor to the crown.

Analysis of Elie Wiesels Night

The Holocaust has changed the lives of many people. The surviving people are talking a lot of terrible stories. Because their experience is too shocking to express in terms of words, many survivors are scared so that they can not tell their stories. Eli Wiesel overcomes this fear by publicly spreading the survival period of the Holocaust. His powerful and moving touch Night touched the hearts of many people and taught a good lesson to his readers. He teaches how the world can change in the worst case in a short time. He wants to make sure that if the world does not learn from the atrocities of the Holocaust, perhaps they will be able to learn something from Erie's own personal experience. The book Night by Elie Wiesel is a reminiscence of the Holocaust about the author's experience during the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel was born in Sighet in Transylvania in 1928. A book named Night is said by a boy named Eliezer. Eliezer is the representative of the author. Elie Wiesel said that the story is not about his experience, but most of the events in the novel are based on the life of Elie Wiesel. Elie and Eliezer's experience has subtle differences. This novel starts with Zeek in Transylvania. The night of Elie Wiesel is an iconic book whose headline represents the pain, pain, and most important death witnessed by childhood experience in the concentration camp in Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel, born in Shige in Transylvania, is from the Jews and is very interested in traditional Jewish religious studies. The Wiesel family (related to his three sisters, mother and father) was eradicated at Siguet's house and brought to Auschwitz as part of the massacre. Eli separated from his mother and three sisters at the Auschwitz concentration camp, surviving in Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald, Gleevitz. Eliezer Wiesel's night's reaction to the night 1. What is your writing? Night is autobiography of a man named Eliezer Wiesel. During World War II, autobiography was a very alarming record of Erie 's childhood camp in the Nazi of Auschwitz and Bouhenwald. In the evening it is a testimony to Erie Wiesel about his experience in the Holocaust, but Wiesel is not exactly the protagonist of this story. That night I was told by a boy named Eliezer called Eliezer, but the details separated Eliezer from the real Elie. The purpose of Elie Wiesel's Night Book is to analyze Night, an autobiographical record of terrible experience at Elie Wiesel's German concentration camp. Wiesel talks about the traumatic time of his life, whose purpose is to not let people forget the tragedy that others have to suffer. An important theme introduced at Night is that these devastating experiences have changed the view of life of the victims. By providing an abstract, criticism and certificate by the author Elie Wiesel, this

Careers Management in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Careers Management in Business - Essay Example It also seeks to analyse how graduates aim to get over some of the challenges going to be discussed below. An analysis of the volatile economy will also be undertaken and the last part of the paper sums up the main points discussed. Basically, a career can be defined as a pattern of work and work related to activities that people develop throughout a lifetime (World Book Encyclopedia, 2008). It includes a job or a series of jobs a person has until retirement. In most cases, it can be observed that careers vary greatly in the type of work involved and in the ways they influence a person’s life. Many careers are based on work for pay and they usually shape the type of lifestyle a person can lead. Of notable concern is the fact that tertiary qualifications usually obtained by graduates often shape their lifetime careers. However, it may not be very easy for the graduates to easily get their dream jobs as they often face numerous challenges during their studies like failing to get places to do their internship or to secure permanent employment after completion of their respective degrees. In as far as the aspects of internship and employment are concerned, it can be noted that the employer plays a significant role in creating the opportunity and climate for full development of the student such that his or her capabilities are optimally utilised (Nelson, 2002). The main advantage of this aspect of internship or in-service training is that the student is given the opportunity to experience the actual environment of their chosen careers before entering into them. This allows for a realistic assessment of the expectations and understanding of the employer’s requirements. It can be noted that the volatility of the economy has a bearing on the students’ endeavours to pursue their careers as a result of different factors going to be analysed below. Due to the emergence of the borderless economy as a result of globalisation, it can be observed that tre nds in the global economy have a bearing on the performance of economies of different countries as well as the respective organizations operating in such environments. Over the past two decades, it can be noted that the size of the global village has rapidly shrunk as a result of the massive advances in information and technology (Venter, 2003). Investors are often seen moving to developing countries given that globalisation sought to liberalise trade and investment opportunities in different countries by various multinational companies as a result of the emergency of the borderless economies. However, the extent of employment creation through globalisation strongly hinges on the competitive edge of the economic policies of the host countries. If these are not in tandem with the dictates of globalization, the host country can fail to attract investors which results in limited chances of employment creation for new graduates. Given such a scenario, competition among the graduates can be seen to lead to shortages of employment as well as internship vacancies for these people. The volatility of the global economy can also pose serious challenges to organizations which may be forced to retrench rather that employ new workers. For instance, the global economic crisis that recently gripped the world resulted in many multinational com

How are social relations expressed in consumption practices Use Essay

How are social relations expressed in consumption practices Use detailed ethnographic examples in your answer - Essay Example They get socially attached to other people by doing these activities. The understanding level of relation between consumption practices and social relationship is complex because it has become a very common part in the society. People do not bother to remember the experiences that are gained through real life activities. Acknowledgement is a powerful mode of communication and it creates positive relationship among human beings in society. Many anthropologists have observed the change in human nature from the past era to recent contemporary era. They share knowledge to the society regarding socio-culture, archaeology and biological anthropology based on the relevant observations. In the modern world, consumers not only make decisions based on service or product attributes but also based on several emotional elements, such as joy, anxiety, fear and feelings. This essay explains how social relations are expressed in consumption practices with the help of case-studies and ethnographic ex amples. In the modern world, it is believed that betterment of a society or country is directly proportional to the enhancement of consumption process. Though it might seem that it is only based on economic perspective but there are scenarios, where it has been observed that consumption processes have integrated the social relationship within human society. Human experiences are valuable and exchange of knowledge is possible only by communication processes. People communicate with each other in general contexts and it helps them to enhance their own knowledge and skills. For an example, according to Kabyle of Algeria in the ‘Outline of a Theory of Practice’ there is an important significance that provides the understanding of a social anthropological study. According to the study, social influence is imposed on an individual through education and socialization and is expressed through cultural practices, such as consumption (Barnard, 2001, p.570). Knowledge about anything is

Rosemarie Zagarri, A Woman's Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rosemarie Zagarri, A Woman's Dilemma - Essay Example The term was first used in the US, and it was referred to as measures that were to be taken to conquer discrimination across the state. In the Woman’s Dilemma by Zagarri, the affirmative actions were practiced to promote equality and fight the dilemma, to promote their representation in the government institution. The position of women in the government institution has been questionable in the past centuries. However, in the 18 centuries factors such as enlightenment ideas towards women came up. Furthermore, issue of equality, the women’s natural rights, women voting and involvement in politics challenged the assumption. We notice that the women abilities in the political field are being reviewed in a positive way. Women received insufficient support to be part of the formal political world. Indeed, this has been a dilemma to women, most nations across the globe have been committed to equality and yet women have been excluded from the government position in the politica l field (165). However, ensuring that women are empowered in field of political will give the community an opportunity to learn and make every person to be responsible in ensuring democracy. In addition, these questions are not only raised in the current century but they were also asked during war time as countries were fighting for independent. Women were majorly expected to be involved in domestic matters as well as material responsibility in their homes. Furthermore women were prevented from voting as a result of their mental deficiency, â€Å"deficiency in their mental power†. This is not the case to have mental deficient but because of their mode of life that prevents them from being in contact with the outside world. This cannot be a factor to consider that women can make it in the political fields (165). Women being given an opportunity to explore the world they are usually productive in the field. Across the globe positions held by women in the political field have be en productive compared to their male counterparts. When mental characteristic are taken as tools to determine that an individual has political capabilities rather than body features then women are not to be excluded from taking part in the political field. For instance Mrs. Catre in Zagarri (67) stated that sexes difference are minor and they should not be a tool to hinder women from participation in government positions â€Å"mere â€Å"sex†. Seeing it as a situation it is physical and has a minor essential for it to influence the caprice of civil position on the degree of an individual and in the leadership position. Education was doubtless to explain that women will expand their horizon and have a desire of being involved in the political field. In the year 1828, politicization in women was seen as a liability, women were viewed as weak and they cannot demonstrate leadership because of how they have been handled in the society since time in memorial. Women were not seen a s assets, and they were not able to contribute to the political climate which was divisive. However, this is not the case, enlightening women has brought them to get to understand the political environment and how to manage it. In the past society women were seen as inferior and could only manage an environment such as handling domestic chores. According to the writer, she tries to bring the context where the women were being defended from being involved in a harsh environment such as a political climate

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Causes and Treatment

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Causes and Treatment Overview In a normal heart, the electrical impulses that signal the heart to beat only flow in one pathway, which begins in the sinoatrial node, or SA node, located in the right atrium. When the SA node fires, the single is spread through the right and left atria causing the chambers to contract. The impulses then travel through the atrioventricular node, AV node, which is the bridge that allows the impulses to flow from atria to the ventricles. The AV node slows down the electrical signal before sending it to the ventricles. This slight delay allows the ventricles to fill with blood. When electrical impulses reach the muscles of the ventricles, they contract, causing them to pump blood either to the lungs or to the rest of the body. When the electrical signal reaches the ventricles, the chamber them to contract. In wolf-Parkinson-white syndrome, also known as WPW, an extra conduction pathway to the ventricles reaches the chambers quicker the normal. This is because impulses travel through the extra pathway as well as the normal AV node system. The impulses travel in a circular pattern. This circular pattern causing the heart to beat unusually beating patterns called arrhythmia. The arrhythmias are conserved an electrical abnormalities called pre-excitation syndromes, and they are in many forms. In Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the most common form of arrhythmia is known as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Many people with WPW also experience atrial fibrillation, an irregular rapid heart rhythm. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is present at birth, but the first symptoms often first appear in teens. WPW is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate in infants and children. The syndrome affects about 1 to 3 people in 1,000 people worldwide, but many do not everyone experience symptoms. IN China 70 percent of cases of abnormal heart, rhythm is due to WPW. The extra electrical pathway in the heart doesnt necessarily cause a fast heartbeat. However, this condition makes it possible for other processes to increase the heartbeat, including: Looped electrical impulses, Disorganized electrical impulses Looped electrical impulses. The problem with a fast heartbeat usually occurs in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome because electrical impulses travel down one pathway and up the other one, creating a loop of signals. This condition, called AV reentrant tachycardia, sends impulses to the ventricles at a very rapid rate. The ventricles, as a result, pump very quickly. Disorganized electrical impulses. If electrical impulses dont begin correctly in the right atrium, they may travel across the atria in a disorganized way, causing them to beat very quickly and out of step with each other. This condition is called atrial fibrillation. These disorganized signals also increase the pumping rate of the ventricles to some extent. If theres an extra electrical pathway, as with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the ventricles can beat even faster. The ventricles dont have time to fill up with blood and dont pump enough blood to the body. This less common condition can be life-threatening. History In 1930, Wolff, Parkinson and White described a distinct electrocardiograph (ECG) pattern in healthy young people with short bursts of tachycardia. In 1933, other doctors noted the reason for this irregular rhythm was a faster passage of impulses traveling through the ventricles. In 1944, doctors confirmed the presence of extra pathways. Causes The extra electrical pathway of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is present at birth. Little known to why the extra pathway delopes, but can be caused by sporadic occurrence, and is linked abnormal gene and inheritance, which accounts for a small a small percentage of cases. In most cases, the cause of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is unknown. Most of WPW occurs randomly in the general population, occurring in about 0.1 to 3.1 per 1,000 persons. men have a higher incidence of WPW than women do, for uknown reasons A small percentage of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is caused by a mutation of the PRKAG2 gene. The mutation of the gene is also linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a form of heart disease that enlarges and weakens the cardiac muscle of the left ventricle. The PRKAG2 gene codes for a protein that is part of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) enzyme. AMPK is believed to be involved in the development of the heart before birth, as well helps mangae the energy demands within the heart. Researchers are uncertain how PRKAG2 mutations lead to the development of WPW, but is due to the altered activity of AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart. It is unclear if the changes cause overactivate enzyme or reduce enyme activity. It is know though that the AMPK mutation allows glycogen to build up abnormally within cardiac muscle, as well as being related to changes in the regulation ion channels in the heart, which play critical roles in maintaining the hearts normal rhythm. Most cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occur in people with no apparent family history of the condition, and accounts for only a small percentage of all cases of this condition. The inheritory disorder typically has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Some cases of WPW are inherited. Parents who have accessory pathways may pass them on to their children. Research has indicated that incidence of preexcitation in first-degree relatives could be as high as 5.5 per 1,000 persons. About 7 to 20 percent of patients with WPW also have congenital defects within the heart. Symptoms The extra connection in the heart, called an accessory pathway, that allows electrical signals to bypass the atrioventricular node and move from the atria to the ventricles faster than usual. The accessory pathway also can transmit electrical impulses abnormally from the ventricles back to the atria, causing an additional contraction of the atria, leading to an abnormally fast heartbeat, called tachycardia and other arrhythmias. About 80 percent of people with symptoms first have them between the ages of 11 and 50. Complications of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can occur at any age, although some individuals born with an accessory pathway in the heart never experience any health problems associated with the condition. Resulting symptoms of the arrhythmias are dizziness, a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest called palpitations, shortness of breath, fainting, and rarely associated with cardiac arrest and sudden death. Some people have WPW without any symptoms at all. The most common arrhythmia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. A person experiencin an tachycardia episode will have heart rate greater than 230 beats per minute and normal blood pressure. An episode of a tachycardia begin suddenly and last for a few seconds or several hours, and often happen during exercise. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome often occurs with other structural abnormalities of the heart or underlying heart disease. The most common heart defect associated with the condition is Ebstein anomaly, which affects the valve that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle (the tricuspid valve). Additionally, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can be a component of several other genetic syndromes, including hypokalemic periodic paralysis (a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness), Pompe disease (a disorder characterized by the storage of excess glycogen), and tuberous sclerosis (a condition that results in the growth of noncancerous tumors in many parts of the body). Treatments Treatments for WPW depends on the type , frequency, and associated symptoms of the arrhythmias experienced. tachycardia may correct itself, but often needs treatment. The goal of treatments for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is to slow a fast heart rate when it occurs and prevent future episodes. Ways to slow your heartbeat include: Vagal maneuvers. Medications, and surgerys. Whether a person will be treated with medication or with an ablation procedure depends on several factors. These include the severity and frequency of symptoms, risk for future arrhythmias and patient preference. Vagal maneuvers affect the vagus nerve, which is the same nerve that regulate heartbeats, and is usally the first treatment tried. Vagal maneuvers, which include coughing, bearing down as if you are having a bowel movement, and putting an icepack on your face, are often performed during an episode of a fast heartbeat. These actions sometimes resulting in slowed conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node. If vagal maneuvers do not stop the fast heartbeat, often medicine is needed. Often an injection of an anti-arrhythmic medication, such as adenosine, or pill versions of drugs, such as flecainide (Tambocor) or propafenone (Rythmol), may be percribed to be taken in response to episode of a fast heartbeat that doesnt respond to vagal maneuvers. Anti-arrhythmic medications may prevent a fast heart rate all together when taken regularly. Medications are usually given to people who experience frequent arrhythmias who cannot, or do not want to undergo surgery. In people with WPW, whose heart rate can not be controlled with medications, ablation can improve symptoms and cure the abnormal arrhythmias. The most common procedure used to interrupt the abnormal pathway is radiofrequency, also known as or catheter ablation. This procedure involves inserting a catheter in an incision in the groin area and running the catheter to the heart area. Electrodes at the catheter tips are heated to damage (ablate) the extra electrical pathway and prevent it from sending electrical signals. When the catheter reaches the heart, the extra electrical pathway is destroyed using radiofrequency. This procedure is highly effective with a success rate for the procedure ranges between 85 95%, and complications which can include heart injury or infection are uncommon. Successful ablation ends the need for medication. Another procedure done to elevate the symptoms of Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome is cardioversion. cardioversion is a procedure where a shock is delivered to your heart through paddles or patches on your chest. The current affects the electrical impulses in your heart and restores a normal rhythm. Its typically used when maneuvers and medications arent effective. When all other forms of treatments have not worked open-heart surgery is almost 100 percent. However, because radiofrequency catheter ablation is almost as effective and less invasive, surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is now rare. However, surgery is usually done only if the patient must have surgery for other reasons. Social implications A person with WPW have several Social implications they must deal with. Since Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome often occurs with other structural abnormalities of the heart or underlying heart disease, a person monitor there heart health carefully. In Addition to this several other genetic syndromes, including hypokalemic periodic paralysis (a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness), Pompe disease (a disorder characterized by the storage of excess glycogen), and tuberous sclerosis (a condition that results in the growth of noncancerous tumors in many parts of the body) must be monitored. Common day substances of Caffeine, Tobacco, Alcohol, and Pseudoephedrine which can contribute tachycardia episoides. This makes the person monitor there exposure to these substances and avoid places of smoking if tobacco causes symptoms. With the relatively new ohio smoking ban helps eliminate this social issue with smoking. References http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4785 http://www.medicinenet.com/wolff-parkinson-white_syndrome/page2.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000151.htm http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/disorders/electric/wpw.aspx http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/ds00923